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| A Paragraph on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (100, 200, 250, 300 Words) in English |
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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre |
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Paragraph on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre or Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre |
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English |
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Students of any Class 1-12 |
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Paragraph on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 100-150 Words / Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 100 Words
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The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre showed the ugly side of the British government. It was a mass murder in cold blood of hundreds of innocent and unarmed citizens. April 13th, 1919, was the darkest day in the history of the Freedom struggle of India.
Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer was the British government officer responsible for this mass murder. He ordered his troops to mercilessly and indiscriminately shot at the innocent Indian citizens gathered in Jallianwala Bagh. The government had passed a law that prohibited the movement of citizens and mass gatherings.
The crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh consisted of unarmed men, women, and children. It was the festival of Baishakhi, and there was a fair. Many visitors had gathered at this fair. However, the local administration cleared up the place. Half of the visitors left to go to the Golden Temple, the rest of them gathered at Jallianwala Bagh. General Dyer got news of this gathering and ordered his troops to shoot at this gathering.
Paragraph on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 200-250 Words / Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 200 Words
Students can find below a paragraph of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 200-250 words or essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 200 words:
One of the most gruesome and barbaric massacres that happened in India was the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. The incident occurred on April 13th, 1919. General Dyer was a British officer responsible for this Massacre.
There was a law passed by the British government called Martial Law. According to this law, it was prohibited for the people to move around and have mass gatherings. The people who were in Jallianwala Bagh didn’t know about the law. This warning wasn’t conveyed to the mass that had gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh. The masses had gathered together for the annual Baisakhi Fair. However, the local authorities made the visitors leave the fair. Some visitors went to visit the Golden Temple, and the other visitors gathered up in Jallianwala Bagh. It was one of the large enough places to gather a large crowd because the rest of the city was under Martial Law.
This made General Dyer order his troops to fire at all the people gathered inside Jallianwala Bagh indiscriminately. There was only one working exit in Jallianwala Bagh that was blocked out by General Dyer. The other doors of Jallianwala Bagh were too narrow and were closed. The people who had gathered there had no means of escape from the Bagh. Around 600 people were shot dead that day, thousands of people were injured, and most of them were critically injured.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre is one of the most barbaric and cold-blooded, cold murder of innocent and unarmed citizens of the country. April 13th is considered one of the darkest days in the freedom struggle.
Paragraph on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 300 Words / Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 300-500 Words
Students can find below a paragraph of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 300-500 words or essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 300 words:
Introduction
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre is the massacre of a crowd of Indians gathered at Jallianwala Bagh located in Amritsar in Punjab state. The incident took place on 13th April 1919 and was premeditated by an acting Brigadier General named Reginald Dyer or General Dyer.
In The Background
Before the Jallianwala Massacre, there were two acts implemented by the British government, leading to a high level of unrest among the Indian masses – these were the Defence of India Act 1915 and the Rowlatt Act 1919.
During World War I (1914-1918), Indian soldiers participated in large numbers for the British, in Europe, Middle East, and Africa. Even Indian labours were sent in large numbers by the British government of India. The involvement of Indian soldiers and labours in World War I was opposed by certain political factions and also the general population of India.
India’s huge money and resources were wasted in fighting for the British in the world war. This gave rise to a mutiny of kind in West Bengal and Punjab, that near around made the local British administration defunct. Therefore, sensing a mass uprising the British government brought the Defence of India Act in 1915, to curtail the civil liberties of Indian citizens.
To make the situation worst Rowlett Act was passed on 10th March 1919 which was only an extension of the Defense of India Act and further curtailed civil liberties.
Unrest in Punjab
The Rowlett Act initiated huge political unrest in India. People came down to streets protesting against the Act. The situation was particularly worst in Punjab, where thousands of protesters gathered at the Amritsar’s Deputy Commissioner’s residence on 1st April 1919. They were demanding the release of two Indian leaders – Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew. Reportedly a military picket present at the location, shot at the protesters, killing several of them.
This instigated a series of violent protests all over Punjab. On the evening of 12th April, a day before the massacre; a peaceful meeting was organized by supporters of Kitchlew to plan for his release.
The Day of Massacre
Following the violent protests, the British administration was fearing an 1857 type uprising. Therefore the government pressed Martial Law on 13th April, prohibiting the gathering of people in one place. However, this message wasn’t clear and in time, conveyed to the masses. Incidentally, 13th April was a Baisakhi day and merchants from different parts of the state had come to Amritsar, for the fair.
But, in wake of the government prohibiting any fair, these people had nowhere to go, so they naturally turned to Jallianwala Bagh. There a small political; the meeting was being conducted; though, a maximum of visitors were merchants and commoners who came for the Baisakhi festival. By the mid-afternoon, thousands of Indians have gathered at the bagh.
General Reginald Dyer got the information of this huge public gathering and started charting out a plan to handle it. Sometime around the evening after 18:30 Hrs, general Dyer came to the Bagh with ninety soldiers and blocking the only main entrance, ordered the shooting.
The people shot at were unarmed men, women, and children, who had probably gathered to spend time as the curfew restricted Baisakhi celebrations. Shooting continued for 10-15 minutes, killing around 500 innocent Indians, including, men, women, and children, and wounding a thousand others. After the massacre, General Dyer marched back with his contingent, and no attempt was made by the British administration to rescue the victims.
Conclusion
The day of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was the saddest day in the history of India. It shows the evilest face of British Rule in India which is also probably the cruelest.
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The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large peaceful crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, to protest against the Rowlatt Act and arrest of pro-independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal. In response to the public gathering, the temporary Brigadier general, R. E. H. Dyer, surrounded the protesters with his Sikh, Gurkha, Baloch and Rajput from 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind Rifles of British Indian Army. The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops, he ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee. The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was exhausted. Estimates of those killed vary between 379 and 1500+ people and over 1,200 other people were injured of whom 192 were seriously injured. Responses polarised both the British and Indian peoples. Anglo-Indian author Rudyard Kipling declared at the time that Dyer "did his duty as he saw it". This incident shocked Rabindranath Tagore, an Indian polymath and the first Asian Nobel laureate, to such an extent that he renounced his knighthood.
The massacre caused a re-evaluation by the British Army of its military role against civilians to "minimal force whenever possible", although later British actions during the Mau Mau rebellion in the Kenya Colony have led historian Huw Bennett to comment that the new policy could be put aside. The army was retrained and developed less violent tactics for crowd control. The level of casual brutality, and lack of any accountability, stunned the entire nation, resulting in a wrenching loss of faith of the general Indian public in the intentions of the United Kingdom. The attack was condemned by the Secretary of State for War, Winston Churchill, as "unutterably monstrous", and in the UK House of Commons debate on 8 July 1920 Members of Parliament voted 247 to 37 against Dyer. The ineffective inquiry, together with the initial accolades for Dyer, fuelled great widespread anger against the British among the Indian populace, leading to the non-cooperation movement of 1920–22. Some historians consider the episode a decisive step towards the end of British rule in India. Britain has never formally apologised for the massacre but expressed "deep regret" in 2019.
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