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Plane and Geodetic Surveying by Aylmer Johnson Book Details

Book Name	Plane and Geodetic Surveying
Author	Aylmer Johnson
Category	Civil Engineering Books, Education Books
Book Language	English
Pages	189
Country	India
Book Size	2 MB

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About Plane and Geodetic Surveying by Aylmer Johnson Book

Plane surveying and geodetic surveying are two branches of the broader field of surveying that deal with the measurement and mapping of the Earth's surface. While both involve the collection of spatial data, they differ in terms of the scale of the area being surveyed and the curvature of the Earth that is taken into account during measurements.

1. Plane Surveying:

   • Scope: Plane surveying, also known as "plane geometry" or "small-scale surveying," is used for relatively small areas where the curvature of the Earth is negligible. It is suitable for local surveys such as urban planning, property boundary determination, and construction layout within a limited region.
   • Assumption: In plane surveying, it is assumed that the Earth's surface is flat within the surveyed area. This assumption simplifies calculations and allows for the use of basic Euclidean geometry.
   • Measurement Accuracy: Plane surveying is less accurate than geodetic surveying for large areas since it does not account for the Earth's curvature.
   • Reference Datum: Plane surveys are often conducted with respect to a local horizontal reference plane, such as a benchmark or a level surface.

2. Geodetic Surveying:

   • Scope: Geodetic surveying, also known as "geodesy" or "large-scale surveying," is used for large-scale surveys that cover significant portions of the Earth's surface. It accounts for the Earth's curvature and takes into consideration the planet's ellipsoidal shape.
   • Assumption: Geodetic surveying considers the curved shape of the Earth and takes into account factors such as Earth's rotation and gravitational variations.
   • Measurement Accuracy: Geodetic surveying aims for high accuracy over large distances, and it is used for applications like mapping countries, global positioning, and establishing national coordinate systems.
   • Reference Datum: Geodetic surveys often reference a global ellipsoidal datum, such as the World Geodetic System (WGS), which provides a framework for precise positioning on a global scale.

3. Key Differences:

   • Scope and Scale: Plane surveying is suitable for local areas where the Earth's curvature is negligible, while geodetic surveying is used for large-scale mapping that requires accounting for the curvature.
   • Assumption: Plane surveying assumes a flat Earth surface, while geodetic surveying considers the Earth's ellipsoidal shape and curvature.
   • Measurement Techniques: Geodetic surveying typically uses advanced measurement techniques like GPS (Global Positioning System) and precise leveling to achieve high accuracy over large distances.
   • Accuracy: Geodetic surveying is more accurate over larger distances due to its consideration of the Earth's curvature.

In summary, plane surveying is suitable for smaller local projects where the Earth's curvature can be ignored, while geodetic surveying is essential for larger-scale mapping and positioning where the Earth's curved surface must be taken into account to ensure accurate results. The choice between these two surveying methods depends on the specific project requirements and the scale of the area being surveyed.

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