Class 11 Dilemma of the Scientist by J Bronowski Summary in Hindi & English Free Online

 

Class 11 Dilemma of the Scientist by J Bronowski Summary in Hindi & English Free Online

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Class 11 Dilemma of the Scientist by J Bronowski Summary in Hindi & English

Board	MP Board
Class	Class 11
Chapter	Dilemma of the Scientist by J Bronowski
Study Material	Class 11 Dilemma of the Scientist by J Bronowski Summary
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Class 11 Dilemma of the Scientist by J Bronowski Summary in Hindi

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'द डिलेम्मा ऑफ द साइंटिस्ट' एक विज्ञान कथा है जो परमाणु बम बनाने की व्याख्या करती है। लेखक सुपर विनाशकारी हथियार का वर्णन करते हुए कहता है कि नागासाकी में इसके परिणाम के बाद इसने हमेशा वैज्ञानिकों को परेशान किया। नागासाकी उन पीड़ितों में से एक था जो विश्व युद्ध के दौरान तबाह हो गई थी। यहां तक कि वैज्ञानिक भी खुद सोचते हैं कि उन्होंने कैसे गलती की। लेखक इस प्रश्न को इतिहास के सामने रखता है जिसने परमाणु बम का निर्माण देखा था; युद्ध से ठीक एक साल पहले दो जर्मन वैज्ञानिकों ने यूरेनियम के विखंडन की खोज की थी। कुछ ही महीनों में यह बनकर तैयार हो गया।

उन्हें यकीन नहीं था कि यह परमाणु बम है। लेकिन एक बात पक्की थी कि अगर यूरेनियम के विखंडन को विस्फोटक तरीके से इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है तो यह सैद्धांतिक रूप से दूसरे की तुलना में एक लाख गुना बड़ा विस्फोट कर सकता है। ऐसा माना जाता था कि ऐसे परमाणु बम का एकाधिकार हिटलर को बना देगा। यूरोप और दुनिया का मालिक और पूरी दुनिया का गुलाम। वैज्ञानिक इसकी विनाशकारी शक्ति से अच्छी तरह वाकिफ थे। उन्होंने अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन को सतर्क किया जो जीवन भर शांतिवादी थे। उन्होंने कभी एक तरफ से कुछ नहीं सोचा। उसने सोचा कि राष्ट्रों को छोड़ देना, अपने विवेक को उसका उपयोग करने में उपयोग करना बेहतर है। पोलैंड में हिटलर के आक्रमण से पहले आइंस्टीन ने राष्ट्रपति रूजवेल्ट को जर्मनों द्वारा परमाणु बम के इस्तेमाल की उनकी आशंका के बारे में सचेत किया था।

इंग्लैंड, कनाडा और अमेरिका के वैज्ञानिकों ने भी परमाणु बम बनाना शुरू किया। उन्होंने राष्ट्रहित में अपने कौशल का उपयोग करना अपना कर्तव्य समझकर ऐसा किया। वे जर्मनी के खिलाफ दौड़ में थे। लेकिन लेखक सोचता है कि वैज्ञानिकों ने जो किया वह दयनीय था। उन्होंने तबाही की एक श्रृंखला बनाई। हालाँकि, जर्मन विफल रहे लेकिन सहयोगी जुलाई 1945 में पहले परमाणु बम का परीक्षण करने में सफल रहे। इस बीच जर्मनी की हार हुई और हिटलर की मृत्यु हो गई।

बम के इस्तेमाल के फैसले के खिलाफ वैज्ञानिकों ने राष्ट्रपति ट्रूमैन से गुहार लगाई। उनका विचार था कि बम के प्रदर्शन का परीक्षण सुनसान जगह पर किया जाना चाहिए लेकिन मानव निवास पर नहीं। हालांकि, इसे नजरअंदाज कर दिया गया और हिरोशिमा और नागासाकी को वीरान कर दिया गया। वैज्ञानिकों का मानना था कि हाइड्रोजन बम दुनिया के परिदृश्य को बदल देगा। राष्ट्र युद्ध के बारे में अपने होश में आ जाएंगे। लेकिन लेखक सोचता है कि युद्धों को हथियारों से बना हुआ नहीं बनाया जाता है। बुरी जड़ें स्वयं युद्ध हैं।

यह कहने का कोई तार्किक अर्थ नहीं है कि ऐसे हथियारों की खोज नहीं होनी चाहिए थी। दरअसल लोकतंत्र में जो कुछ होता है उसके लिए हम लोग जिम्मेदार होते हैं। हम दुनिया को अपनी इच्छा से नहीं बदलते हैं, लेकिन हम कैसे कार्य करते हैं। युद्ध या शांति की योजना बनाने के बीच, समुदाय बम या बम के बीच जो चुनाव करता है, उससे कोई बच नहीं सकता है। वैज्ञानिकों को यथोचित करने के लिए नियोजित किया गया है। वे जल्लाद हैं जिनके पास मारने या नहीं करने का कोई विकल्प नहीं है। निर्णय लेना उनका काम नहीं है। वे कोई नीति नहीं बना सकते। ऐसे परिणामों के लिए समुदाय जिम्मेदार है।

वैज्ञानिक को भी एक स्वतंत्र व्यक्ति के रूप में सोचने की अनुमति दी जानी चाहिए। उसे अपने विवेक से स्वतंत्र रूप से सोचने का अधिकार होना चाहिए। यदि वह युद्ध से घृणा करता है या सोचता है कि उसका शोध मानवता के विरुद्ध है, तो उसे दूसरी नौकरी चुनने की अनुमति दी जानी चाहिए। सबसे बढ़कर असहमति रखने वाले वैज्ञानिकों को अपने तर्क रखने और अपने विचार व्यक्त करने की अनुमति दी जानी चाहिए। वे समाज के निर्माण में जिम्मेदारी भी निभाते हैं। यह वह दुनिया है जिसमें वैज्ञानिक जीवन के हर क्षेत्र में प्रवेश करते हैं। लोकतंत्र में प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के पास प्रत्येक मुद्दे पर निर्णय लेने की क्षमता होती है। वैज्ञानिक, यदि स्वेच्छा से समुदाय को पढ़ाते हैं, तो पूरे परिदृश्य को बदल सकते हैं। वे हमारे जीवन को एक नया अर्थ दे सकते हैं।

वास्तव में वे सिखाने की वह विधि जानते हैं जिसके द्वारा उपलब्धि के विरुद्ध वादों का आश्वासन दिया जा सकता है।
लेकिन विडंबना यह है कि जिस व्यक्ति ने जीवन और मृत्यु के मुद्दे पर काम किया है, मिसाइल या हाइड्रोजन बम का मार्गदर्शन किया है, वह शायद ही कभी बोलने के लिए स्वतंत्र होता है। यह पूरे समाज के लिए एक बहुत बड़ी क्षति है। कोई अनुरूप या अधिनायकवादी विज्ञान नहीं है। दुविधा बनी रहती है कि क्या कभी शिक्षित लोकतंत्र होगा।

Class 11 Dilemma of the Scientist by J Bronowski Summary in English

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'The Dilemma of the Scientist' is a science fiction story that explains the making of the atomic bomb. The author describes the super destructive weapon as saying that it always puzzled scientists after its consequences in Nagasaki. Nagasaki was one of the victims that was devastated during World War I. Even the scientists themselves wonder how they made a mistake. The author puts this question in front of history that saw the creation of the atomic bomb; The fission of uranium was discovered by two German scientists just a year before the war. Within a few months it was ready.

He wasn't sure it was an atomic bomb. But one thing was certain that if fission of uranium could be used explosively, it could theoretically produce an explosion a million times larger than the other. It was believed that the monopoly of such an atomic bomb would make Hitler. The master of Europe and the world and the slave of the whole world. Scientists were well aware of its destructive power. He alerted Albert Einstein who was a lifelong pacifist. He never thought anything from one side. He thought it was better to leave the nations, to use his conscience to make use of it. Before Hitler's invasion of Poland, Einstein had warned President Roosevelt of his fears of the Germans using the atomic bomb.

Scientists from England, Canada and America also started making atomic bombs. He did this considering it his duty to use his skills in the national interest. They were in the race against Germany. But the author thinks that what the scientists did was pathetic. They created a series of mayhem. Although the Germans failed, the Allies were able to test the first atomic bomb in July 1945. Meanwhile Germany was defeated and Hitler died.

Scientists appealed to President Truman against the decision to use the bomb. He was of the view that the bomb's performance should be tested in an isolated place but not at a human habitation. However, this was ignored and Hiroshima and Nagasaki were deserted. Scientists believed that the hydrogen bomb would change the landscape of the world. Nations will come to their senses about the war. But the author thinks that wars are not made out of weapons. The evil roots are the war itself.

There is no logical sense to say that such weapons should not have been discovered. Actually we are responsible for whatever happens in a democracy. We do not change the world by our will, but by how we act. There is no escaping the choice the community makes between planning war or peace, bomb or bomb. Scientists have been employed to do the same. They are the executioners who have no choice to kill or not. It is not their job to make decisions. They cannot make any policy. The community is responsible for such consequences.

The scientist should also be allowed to think as a free man. He should have the right to think independently of his conscience. If he hates war or thinks his research is against humanity, he should be allowed to choose another job. Above all, dissenting scientists should be allowed to argue and express their views. They also play a role in building the society. This is the world into which scientists enter in every walk of life. In a democracy, every person has the power to decide on every issue. Scientists, if volunteered to teach the community, can change the whole scenario. They can give a new meaning to our lives.

In fact they know the method of teaching by which promises against achievement can be assured.
But the irony is that a person who has worked on the issue of life and death, guiding a missile or a hydrogen bomb, is rarely free to speak. This is a great loss for the whole society. There is no conformist or authoritarian science. The dilemma remains whether there will ever be an educated democracy.

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Students of Class 11 can now check summary of all chapters and poems for Hindi subject using the links below:

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