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Bridge Design and Evaluation LRFD and LRFR by Gongkang Fu Book Details
| Book Name | Bridge Design and Evaluation LRFD and LRFR |
| Author | Gongkang Fu |
| Category | Highway Engineering, Civil Engineering Books, Education Books |
| Book Language | English |
| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey |
| Pages | 437 |
| ISBN | 978-1-118-32993-1 |
| Country | United States |
| Book Size | 6.8 MB |
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About Bridge Design and Evaluation LRFD and LRFR by Gongkang Fu Book
Bridge Design and Evaluation using LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) and LRFR (Load and Resistance Factor Rating) are two prominent methods in civil engineering for designing and assessing the safety and load-carrying capacity of bridges. These methods are widely used in the United States and some other countries for ensuring the reliability and performance of bridges. Here's an overview of these two approaches:
LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design):
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Definition: LRFD is a design methodology used in the construction of new bridges. It is a probabilistic approach that considers both the loads that a bridge may experience during its lifetime and the capacity of the bridge's components to resist these loads.
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Key Components:
- Load Factors: LRFD incorporates load factors to account for the variability and uncertainty in the loads. These factors are applied to different types of loads such as dead loads (permanent loads), live loads (traffic loads), wind loads, and seismic loads.
- Resistance Factors: Resistance factors are applied to the structural capacities of bridge components (such as beams, columns, and foundations) to account for uncertainties in material properties and workmanship.
- Reliability-Based Design: LRFD is based on the principles of structural reliability, ensuring that the probability of failure is extremely low over the expected service life of the bridge.
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Design Process: Engineers using LRFD go through a systematic process of load analysis, capacity analysis, and designing each component of the bridge to ensure that the structure can safely carry the expected loads.
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Advantages: LRFD provides a more rational and consistent approach to bridge design, considering various load combinations and uncertainties. It allows for greater flexibility in design and often results in more cost-effective and safe structures.
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Applications: LRFD is used in the design of new bridges, including highway, railway, pedestrian, and other types of bridges.
LRFR (Load and Resistance Factor Rating):
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Definition: LRFR is a methodology used to evaluate the load-carrying capacity and safety of existing bridges, particularly when there is a need to assess their ability to carry current traffic loads.
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Key Components:
- Load Rating: The load rating of a bridge involves assessing its ability to carry specific loads, such as the legal maximum vehicle loads, without causing any safety concerns.
- Resistance Rating: Resistance rating evaluates the capacity of the bridge components based on their condition, material properties, and workmanship.
- Load and Resistance Factors: Similar to LRFD, LRFR incorporates factors to account for load and resistance variability.
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Evaluation Process: Engineers using LRFR assess the current condition of the bridge, including its geometry, material properties, and any structural deficiencies. Load and resistance ratings are then calculated to determine if the bridge can safely carry anticipated loads.
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Advantages: LRFR provides a method for assessing and managing the safety of existing bridges. It helps identify needed repairs, load posting requirements, and, in some cases, replacement options.
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Applications: LRFR is primarily used for the evaluation of existing bridges to ensure their continued safe use and to prioritize maintenance and rehabilitation efforts.
In summary, LRFD is a design approach used for new bridge construction, focusing on ensuring that newly built bridges are safe and reliable. LRFR, on the other hand, is used for assessing and rating the load-carrying capacity of existing bridges, with a focus on maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation decisions. Both methods are essential in ensuring the safety and functionality of bridges within a transportation infrastructure network.
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