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| A Paragraph on Citizenship Amendment Act: Essay on Citizenship Amendment Act (100, 200, 250, 300 Words) in English |
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Citizenship Amendment Act |
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Paragraph on Citizenship Amendment Act or Essay on Citizenship Amendment Act |
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English |
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Students of any Class 1-12 |
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Paragraph on Citizenship Amendment Act in 100-150 Words / Essay on Citizenship Amendment Act in 100 Words
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The government of India proposed a Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) in the Parliament of India. The bill was subsequently passed in both the houses and obtained presidential assent on December 12th, 2019 thereby becoming an act.
The Citizenship Amendment Act seeks to award Indian citizenship to the immigrants belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Parsi, Jains, Buddhists, and Christian communities who have been deported from Pakistan, Afghanistan or Bangladesh, facing religious persecution.
The immigrants belonging to the mentioned religious groups, those who have been deported to or fled to India, facing religious discrimination will be awarded the Indian Citizenship, even if they are not in possession of any legal document. Prior to the amendment Act 2019, there was a deadline for at least 11 years of residence in India, which has been reduced to 5 years in the 2019 amendment.
The government of India has very clearly stated that the CAA is a humanitarian gesture to shelter the religious minorities facing religious persecution in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh.
Paragraph on Citizenship Amendment Act in 200-250 Words / Essay on Citizenship Amendment Act in 200 Words
Students can find below a paragraph of Citizenship Amendment Act in 200-250 words or essay on Citizenship Amendment Act in 200 words:
The Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019 was passed in the Parliament of India in December 2019 and thereafter obtaining the consent of Hon’ble President of India, became an Act. The 2019 amendment is the sixth amendment of the Citizenship Act 1955.
When was the Citizenship Amendment Bill Passed?
The Home Minister of India Sri Amit Shah, in the ruling Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) government, had introduced the Bill in the 17th Lok Sabha on December 9th, 2019 and was subsequently passed on December 10th by a majority of 311 MPs voting in favor while 80 MPs voting against the Bill.
Thereafter, the Bill was introduced in Rajya Sabha on December 11, 2019, and was passed on the same day 125 voting in favor of the bill and 105 votings against it. The Bill got assented by the Hon’ble President of India, Mr. Ramnath Kovind on December 12th, 2019, thereby becoming an Act. The Act was finally included in the official Gazette of India and came into force on 10th January 2020.
What Does the Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 Imply?
The Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 changes the definition of illegal immigrants belonging to the following communities – Hindus, Sikhs, Parsis, Buddhists, Jains, and Christians, who have migrated to India from either of the three countries Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan.
After the implementation of the Act, any migrant belonging to the mentioned religious groups and is coming from either Pakistan, Afghanistan or Bangladesh also residing in India for a period of five years, will not be considered as a migrant and be awarded Indian citizenship.
Paragraph on Citizenship Amendment Act in 300 Words / Essay on Citizenship Amendment Act in 300-500 Words
Students can find below a paragraph of Citizenship Amendment Act in 300-500 words or essay on Citizenship Amendment Act in 300 words:
The Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAA Bill) was first introduced in 2016 in Lok Sabha by amending the Citizenship Act of 1955. This bill was referred to a Joint Parliamentary Committee, whose report was later submitted on January 7, 2019. The Citizenship Amendment Bill was passed on January 8, 2019, by the Lok Sabha which lapsed with the dissolution of the 16th Lok Sabha. This Bill was introduced again on 9 December 2019 by the Minister of Home Affairs Amit Shah in the 17th Lok Sabha and was later passed on 10 December 2019. The Rajya Sabha also passed the bill on 11th December.
The CAA was passed to provide Indian citizenship to the illegal migrants who entered India on or before 31st December 2014. The Act was passed for migrants of six different religions such as Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Any individual will be considered eligible for this act if he/she has resided in India during the last 12 months and for 11 of the previous 14 years. For the specified class of illegal migrants, the number of years of residency has been relaxed from 11 years to five years.
CAA 2019
- Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019 gets Parliament’s nod.
What is Citizenship?
- Citizenship defines the relationship between the nation and the people who constitute the nation.
- It confers upon an individual certain rights such as protection by the state, right to vote, and right to hold certain public offices, among others, in return for the fulfilment of certain duties/obligations owed by the individual to the state.
Citizenship in India
- The Constitution of India provides for single citizenship for the whole of India.
- Under Article 11 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has the power to regulate the right of citizenship by law. Accordingly, the parliament had passed the Citizenship act of 1955 to provide for the acquisition and determination of Indian Citizenship.
- Entry 17, List 1 under the Seventh Schedule speaks about Citizenship, naturalization, and aliens. Thus, Parliament has exclusive power to legislate with respect to citizenship.
- Until 1987, to be eligible for Indian citizenship, it was sufficient for a person to be born in India.
- Then, spurred by the populist movements alleging massive illegal migrations from Bangladesh, citizenship laws were first amended to additionally require that at least one parent should be Indian.
- In 2004, the law was further amended to prescribe that not just one parent be Indian; but the other should not be an illegal immigrant.
Features of CAA 2019
- The Act seeks to amend the Citizenship Act, 1955 to make Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian illegal migrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, eligible for citizenship of India. In other words, the Act intends to make it easier for persecuted people from India’s neighbouring countries to become citizens of India.
- The legislation applies to those who were “forced or compelled to seek shelter in India due to persecution on the ground of religion”. It aims to protect such people from proceedings of illegal migration.
- The amendment relaxes the requirement of naturalization from 11 years to 5 years as a specific condition for applicants belonging to these six religions.
- The cut-off date for citizenship is December 31, 2014, which means the applicant should have entered India on or before that date.
- The Act says that on acquiring citizenship:
- Such persons shall be deemed to be citizens of India from the date of their entry into India, and
- All legal proceedings against them in respect of their illegal migration or citizenship will be closed.
- It also says people holding Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cards – an immigration status permitting a foreign citizen of Indian origin to live and work in India indefinitely – can lose their status if they violate local laws for major and minor offences and violations.
Exception
- The Act adds that the provisions on citizenship for illegal migrants will not apply to the tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura, as included in the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution.
- These tribal areas include Karbi Anglong (in Assam), Garo Hills (in Meghalaya), Chakma District (in Mizoram), and Tripura Tribal Areas District.
- It will also not apply to the areas under the Inner Line Permit under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873.
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Few Lines on Importance of Citizenship Amendment Act??
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 was passed by the Parliament of India on 11 December 2019. It amended the Citizenship Act, 1955 by providing a pathway to Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis or Christians, and arrived in India before the end of December 2014. The law does not grant such eligibility to Muslims from these Muslim-majority countries. The act was the first time that religion had been overtly used as a criterion for citizenship under Indian law and attracted global criticism.
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which leads the Indian government, had promised in previous election manifestos to offer Indian citizenship to members of persecuted religious minorities who had migrated from neighbouring countries. Under the 2019 amendment, migrants who had entered India by 31 December 2014, and had suffered "religious persecution or fear of religious persecution" in their country of origin, were made eligible for citizenship. The amendment also relaxed the residence requirement for naturalisation of these migrants from twelve years to six. According to Intelligence Bureau records, there will be just over 30,000 immediate beneficiaries of the bill.
The amendment has been criticized as discriminating on the basis of religion, particularly for excluding Muslims. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) called it "fundamentally discriminatory", adding that while India's "goal of protecting persecuted groups is welcome", this should be accomplished through a non-discriminatory "robust national asylum system". Critics express concerns that the bill would be used, along with the National Register of Citizens (NRC), to render many Muslim citizens stateless, as they may be unable to meet stringent birth or identity proof requirements. Commentators also question the exclusion of persecuted religious minorities from other regions such as Tibet, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. The Indian government said that since Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh have Islam as their state religion, it is therefore "unlikely" that Muslims would "face religious persecution" there. However, certain Muslim groups, such as Hazaras and Ahmadis, have historically faced persecution in these countries.
The passage of the legislation caused large-scale protests in India. Assam and other northeastern states witnessed violent demonstrations against the bill over fears that granting Indian citizenship to refugees and immigrants will cause a loss of their "political rights, culture and land rights" and motivate further migration from Bangladesh. In other parts of India, protesters said that the bill discriminated against Muslims, and demanded that Indian citizenship be granted to Muslim refugees and immigrants as well. Major protests against the Act were held at some universities in India. Students at Aligarh Muslim University and Jamia Millia Islamia alleged brutal suppression by the police. The protests have led to the deaths of several protesters, injuries to both protesters and police officers, damage to public and private property, the detention of hundreds of people, and suspensions of local internet mobile phone connectivity in certain areas. Some states announced that they would not implement the Act. In response, the Union Home Ministry said that states lack the legal power to stop the implementation of the CAA.
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